Antagonism of native and foreign strains of Trichoderma spp., against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which causes anthracnose in passion fruit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57201/ieuna2423323Keywords:
biological control, dual culture, competition, antibiosisAbstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides can cause defoliation, flower abortion, fruit lesions and reduce the production and quality of passion fruit. Although it is controlled with chemical fungicides, they contaminate the environment and are dangerous to health, which is why research into biological control with Trichoderma spp has increased. This research had the objectives of isolating, identifying and testing the pathogenicity of the causal agent of fruit anthracnose and comparing it with native Mexican strains: T. asperellum (TaCh and TaST), Trichoderma sp. (TsRV, TsCo, TsCh and TsLF); and, against foreign and commercial species: Trichoderma virens G-41®, T. harzianum T-22®, Trichoderma sp. (Bactiva®) and Trichoderma sp. (Fithan®), using the dual culture technique. The following was evaluated: the day of the first contact among hyphae, the type of antagonism and percentages of sporulation and inhibition of Trichodermaspp. against the pathogenic fungus. From infected diseased passion fruit fruits, C. gloeosporioides was isolated and identified, which caused infection in healthy fruits 10 days after inoculation of the fungal isolate. Trichoderma and the pathogen made contact between 1,6 (TsLF) and 3,8 (TaST) days. All the Trichoderma spp., strains evaluated, except TsLF and Bactiva®, presented abundant sporulation between 97.56 and 100 % of sporulation. The TsRV, TsCh, Fithan®, TaCh, G-41® and T-22® strains also had level 1 antagonism, overgrown the pathogen and covered the entire surface of the PDA (antagonism 1). Likewise, the strains TsRV, Bactiva®, Fithan® and TaCh caused the greatest inhibition with 88,1 inhibitions; 76,0; 73,5 and 72,8 % of the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, respectively, and are considered the most promising candidates for the integrated management of anthracnose in passion fruit.
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