Detection of Cannabinoids based on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), in commercial products available in the Paraguayan market by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Authors

  • Antonio Samudio-Oggero Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas
  • Mónica Vera Alvariza Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus UNA, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
  • Emilio Benitez Penayo Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas
  • Héctor D. Nakayama Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56152/StevianaFacenV16N1A3_2024

Keywords:

Hemp, commercial products, cannabinoids, HPLC

Abstract

In Paraguay, a variety of the species Cannabis sativa L., commonly called "hemp", with a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content lower than 0.5% (w/w) is regulated by decree N°2725 since 2019. Due to a growing interest in the high nutritional value of the oil obtained from hemp seeds, commercial sales of hemp-based products have increased, and there is need for quality control regarding the cannabinoid content of these products. The main objective of this study was to identify the presence of cannabinoids in commercial products by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Nine hemp seed oil-based products, including cosmetics and tea, were analyzed.  The results showed that none of the samples showed peaks with retention times similar to the THC standard; however, 44% of the samples analyzed showed the presence of a peak with a retention time similar to that of the cannabidiol (CBD) standard signal. The analytical methodology used was the most suitable for the analysis of tea samples, but not for the analysis of cosmetic products, so the present study suggests to optimize the extraction method for this type of products.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amin, M. R., & Ali, D. W. (2019). Pharmacology of Medical Cannabis. En A. N. Bukiya (Ed.), Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Physiology and Pathology (Vol. 1162, pp. 151-165). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21737-2_8

Andre, C. M., Hausman, J.-F., & Guerriero, G. (2016). Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00019

Ángeles López, G. E., Brindis, F., Cristians Niizawa, S., & Ventura Martínez, R. (2014). Cannabis sativa L., una planta singular. Revista mexicana de ciencias farmacéuticas, 45(4), 1-6.

Ayala, J. (2021). Desarrollo de una metodología para la cuantificación de cannabidiol y el tetrahidrocannabinol mediante cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (Tesis de grado). Universidad Nacional de Asunción.

Barrales-Cureño, H. J., López-Valdez, L. G., Reyes, C., Cetina-Alcalá, V. M., Vasquez-García, I., Diaz-Lira, O. F., & Herrera-Cabrera, B. E. (2020). Chemical Characteristics, Therapeutic Uses, and Legal Aspects of the Cannabinoids of Cannabis sativa: A Review. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 63. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190222

Bonini, S. A., Premoli, M., Tambaro, S., Kumar, A., Maccarinelli, G., Memo, M., & Mastinu, A. (2018). Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 227, 300-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.004

Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E., Chanet, G., & Morin-Crini, N. (2020). Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18(5), 1451-1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2

De Backer, B., Maebe, K., Verstraete, A., & Charlier, C. (2012). Evolution of the Content of THC and Other Major Cannabinoids in Drug-Type Cannabis Cuttings and Seedlings During Growth of Plants. Journal of forensic sciences, 57, 918-922. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02068.x

Decreto 2725 de 2019 [Presidencia de la República del Paraguay]. Por el cual se estable las condiciones generales para la producción del Cáñamo Industrial (Cannabis no psicoactivo). 21 de octubre de 2019.

Decreto 3999 de 2020 [Presidencia de la República del Paraguay]. Por el cual se crea el programa nacional para la promoción, fomento, cultivo, desarrollo de la producción, comercialización e investigación del Cáñamo Industrial (Cannabis no psicoactivo), y se declara de interés nacional. 28 de agosto de 2020.

ElSohly, M. A., Radwan, M. M., Gul, W., Chandra, S., & Galal, A. (2017). Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L. En A. D. Kinghorn, H. Falk, S. Gibbons, & J. Kobayashi (Eds.), Phytocannabinoids (Vol. 103, pp. 1-36). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_1

Farinon, B., Molinari, R., Costantini, L., & Merendino, N. (2020). The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition. Nutrients, 12(7), 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071935

García, E. C., & Sánchez, J. P. E. (2006). Una revisión histórica sobre los usos del Cannabis y su regulación. Salud y drogas, 6(1), 47-70.

Hsu, Y.-H., Fang, M.-C., Huang, S.-C., Kao, Y.-M., Tseng, S.-H., & Wang, D.-Y. (2021). Determination of cannabinoids in hemp oil based cosmetic products by LC-tandem MS. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 29(3), 502-509. https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3370

Martínez, V., Iriondo De-Hond, A., Borrelli, F., Capasso, R., del Castillo, M. D., & Abalo, R. (2020). Cannabidiol and Other Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids for Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders: Useful Nutraceuticals? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(9), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093067

Menezes, M. M. T., Andrade, J., De Oliveira, M., Tristão, H., Saczk, A., & Okumura, L. (2012). Analysis of δ9-THC in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis detection. Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2, 341-344.

Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito. (2010). Métodos recomendados para la identificación y el análisis del cannabis y los productos del cannabis: Manual para uso de los laboratorios nacionales de estupefacientes. Naciones Unidas.

Resolución 1634 [Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería]. Por el cual se aprueba el procedimiento para la autorización de investigaciones científicas relacionadas al Cáñamo Industrial (Cannabis no psicoactivo). 2 de noviembre de 2021.

Rupasinghe, H. P. V., Davis, A., Kumar, S. K., Murray, B., & Zheljazkov, V. D. (2020). Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. Sativa) as an Emerging Source for Value-Added Functional Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals. Molecules, 25(18), Article 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184078

Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2008). Principios de análisis instrumental (6ta ed.).

Published

2024-09-20

How to Cite

Samudio-Oggero, A., Vera Alvariza, M., Benitez Penayo, E., & Nakayama, H. D. (2024). Detection of Cannabinoids based on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), in commercial products available in the Paraguayan market by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Steviana , 16(1). https://doi.org/10.56152/StevianaFacenV16N1A3_2024

Issue

Section

Artículos Originales de Fitoquímica

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.