Metabolitos secretados por aislados nativos de Trichoderma spp. y su actividad antifúngica frente a Rhizoctonia solani y Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, patógenos del pimientoos del pimiento
Palabras clave:
control biológico, fitopatógenos, antibiosis, productos naturales, micotoxinasResumen
El pimiento (Capsicum spp.), cultivo hortícola de amplia distribución y fácil manejo que representa una fuente clave de ingresos para pequeños y medianos productores, ve amenazada su producción por fitopatógenos como Rhizoctonia solani y Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, responsables de la pudrición de raíz y la podredumbre blanca, respectivamente. Trichoderma spp., hongos ampliamente reconocidos por su capacidad antagonista, se utilizan eficazmente como agentes de control biológico debido a mecanismos como la competencia, la antibiosis y el micoparasitismo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la producción de metabolitos por aislados nativos de Trichoderma spp. y determinar su actividad antifúngica frente a R. solani y S. sclerotiorum. Todos los extractos orgánicos evaluados mostraron algún grado de actividad antifúngica. En particular, el extracto orgánico del aislado Trichoderma sp. FCQ14 inhibió completamente el crecimiento de ambos patógenos, mientras que el extracto de T. asperellum FCQ42 logró una inhibición del 100 % frente a S. sclerotiorum. En el extracto de Trichoderma sp. FCQ14, se identificó un compuesto mayoritario cuyas propiedades espectroscópicas coinciden con las de trichodermina, un trichoteceno conocido por inhibir la síntesis proteica en eucariotas. Se sugiere que este metabolito es responsable de la actividad antifúngica observada.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Dani Daniel Ruiz Díaz Mendoza, Romina Nathalia Lezcano Escobar, Alberto Anastacio Cubilla-Rios , María Cristina Romero-Rodríguez, María Eugenia Flores-Giubi, Javier E. Barúa Chamorro
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