Pueblos indígenas suramericanos e interculturalidad en la pandemia de COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2022.020.01.110Keywords:
pueblos indígenas, intercultural, COVID-19, pandemia, programas sanitariosAbstract
La incertidumbre es la regla en el abordaje sanitario para mitigar la pandemia de COVID-19 en los pueblos indígenas en muchos países al sur del continente americano. Es aquí donde tiene cabida la pertinencia intercultural como herramienta necesaria para aproximar el mundo científico-tecnológico o biologicista a la cultura de cada pueblo, es decir, a la construcción dinámica de creencias, conocimientos, pensamientos y prácticas o conductas aprendidas en su relación con el medio ambiente e iguales, con el fin de lograr un acuerdo mínimo en el tratamiento de patologías emergentes, y por tanto, no incluidas en los programas sanitarios y que pueden resultar devastadoras para estos sectores debido a sus peores condiciones para enfrentarla. La pertinencia intercultural, tema de transcendental actualidad, se cree es la estrategia con la que los Estados pueden aplicar plenamente en material de salud su carta magna, toda vez que muchas reconocen la organización social, política y económica que rige a los pueblos indígenas, y particularmente sus costumbres culturales y religiosas, su lengua y hábitat.
Downloads
References
Idrovo A, Moreno-Montoya J, Pinzón-Flórez C. Desempeño de las pruebas combinadas de IgM e IgG rápidas en la vigilancia ocupacional de COVID-19 en empresas colombianas. Biomédica. 2020; 40 (Supl.2): 139-47. Doi: 10.7705/biomedica.5829.
Bastidas G. Atención primaria en salud. El caso Venezuela. Horizonte sanitario 2018; 17(3):165-6. Disponible en: http://revistas.ujat.mx/index.php/horizonte
Bastidas G, Báez M, Medina T, Iglesias R. Pertinencia intercultural de la atención en salud. El camino a seguir en Leishmaniosis Tegumentaria Americana. ARS MEDICA Revista de Ciencias Médicas 20218; 43(1): 54-60. 10.11565/arsmed.v43i1.1025
The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology. Indigenous peoples: resilience in the face of adversity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020; 8(9): 731. Doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30273-4
Meneses-Navarro S, Freyermuth-Enciso M, Pelcastre-Villafuerte B, Campos-Navarro R, Meléndez-Navarro D, Gómez-Flores-Ramos L. The challenges facing indigenous communities in Latin America as they confront the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Equity Health. 2020; 19(1):63. Doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01178-4
OPS. Protegiendo a las comunidades indígenas de la Covid-19. Sf. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/es/historias/protegiendo-comunidades-indigenas-covid-19
Oficina Internacional del Trabajo. Convenio Núm. 169 de la OIT sobre Pueblos Indígenas y Tribales. Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas. 2015. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/lima/publicaciones/WCMS_345065/langes/index.htm
Santos V, Pontes A, Coimbra CEA Jr. A total social fact: COVID-19 and indigenous peoples in Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2020; 36(10):e00268220. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00268220
Cohen J, Mata-Sánchez N. Challenges, inequalities and COVID-19: Examples from indigenous Oaxaca, Mexico. Glob Public Health. 2021; 16(4): 639-9. Doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1868548
Mallard A, Pesantes M, Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Ward J. An urgent call to collect data related to COVID-19 and Indigenous populations globally. BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6(3): e004655. Doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004655
FILAC. Informe regional revela que la efectiva vacunación contra covid-19 en comunidades indígenas no está asegurada. Cuarto informe regional. 2021. Disponible en: https://www.filac.org/informe-regional-revela-que-la-efectiva-vacunacion-contra-covid-19-en-comunidades-indigenas-no-esta-asegurada/
Banning J. How Indigenous people are coping with COVID-19. CMAJ. 2020; 192(27): E787-E788. Doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1095879
Banning J. Why are indigenous communities seeing so few cases of COVID-19? CMAJ. 2020; 192(34): E993-E4. Doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1095891
Jardim P, Dias I, Grande A, O'keeffe M, Dazzan P, Harding S. COVID-19 experience among Brasil's indigenous people. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020; 66(7):861-3. Doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.7.861
Argoty-Pantoja A, Robles-Rivera K, Rivera-Paredez B, Salmerón J. COVID-19 fatality in Mexico's indigenous populations. Public Health. 2021; 193:69-75. Doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.023
Mendes M, Pereira L, Lima T, Melani V, Palamim C, Boschiero M, et al. COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021:1-17. Doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01031-6
Erren T, Lewis P, Shaw D. The COVID-19 Pandemic: Ethical and scientific imperatives for natural experiments. Circulation. 2020; 142(4):309-11. Doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048671
Cupertino G, Cupertino M, Gomes A, Braga L, Siqueira-Batista R. COVID-19 and Brazilian indigenous populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020; 103(2):609-12. Doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0563
Palamim C, Ortega M, Marson F. COVID-19 in the indigenous population of Brazil. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2020; 7(6):1053-8. Doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00885-6
da Silva M, Pereira P, Portela W, Daros G, Barbosa C, Vanassi B, et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19 among indigenous populations in Brazil. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021:1-7. Doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01035-2
Concha G, Frickmann H, Oey A, Strengert M, Kreienbrock L, Kann S. Direct and indirect proof of SARS-CoV-2 infections in indigenous Wiwa communities in North-Eastern Colombia-a cross-sectional assessment providing preliminary surveillance data. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9(10):1120. Doi: 10.3390/vaccines9101120
Santos V, Souza Araújo A, de Oliveira J, Quintans-Júnior L, Martins-Filho P. COVID-19 mortality among indigenous people in Brazil: a nationwide register-based study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021; 43(2):e250-e1. Doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa176
Charlier P, Varison L. Is COVID-19 being used as a weapon against indigenous peoples in Brazil? Lancet. 2020; 396(10257): 1069-70. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32068-7
Díaz de León-Martínez L, de la Sierra-de la Vega L, Palacios-Ramírez A, Rodriguez-Aguilar M, Flores-Ramírez R. Critical review of social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population and their capacity to respond to the COVID-19. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 733:139357. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139357
Carroll S, Akee R, Chung P, Cormack D, Kukutai T, Lovett R, et al. Indigenous peoples' data during COVID-19: From External to Internal. Front Sociol. 2021; 6:617895. Doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.617895
Flores-Ramírez R, Berumen-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Castillo M, Alcántara-Quintana L, Díaz-Barriga F, Díaz de León-Martínez L. A review of environmental risks and vulnerability factors of indigenous populations from Latin America and the Caribbean in the face of the COVID-19. Glob Public Health. 2021; 16(7):975-99. Doi: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1923777
Montag D, Barboza M, Cauper L, Brehaut I, Alva I, Bennett A, et al. Healthcare of indigenous Amazonian peoples in response to COVID-19: marginality, discrimination and revaluation of ancestral knowledge in Ucayali, Peru. BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6(1):e004479. Doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004479
Huyser K, Horse A, Kuhlemeier A, Huyser M. COVID-19 Pandemic and indigenous representation in public health data. Am J Public Health. 2021; 111(S3):S208-S14. Doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306415
Kahambing J. Migration and indigenous health during COVID-19. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021; fdab290. Doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab290
Kayrouz R, Schofield C, Nielssen O, Karin E, Staples L, Titov N. A Review and clinical practice guideline for health professionals working with indigenous and culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations during COVID-19. Front Public Health. 2021; 9:584000. Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.584000
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Censo de población y vivienda 2011. Available from: http://www.redatam.ine.gob.ve/Censo2011/index.html .
Power T, Wilson D, Best O, Brockie T, Bourque Bearskin L, Millender E, Lowe J. COVID-19 and indigenous peoples: An imperative for action. J Clin Nurs. 2020; 29(15-16):2737-741. Doi: 10.1111/jocn.15320
Reinders S, Alva A, Huicho L, Blas M. Indigenous communities' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and consequences for maternal and neonatal health in remote Peruvian Amazon: a qualitative study based on routine programme supervision. BMJ Open. 2020; 10(12):e044197. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044197
Brant-Birioukov K. Covid-19 and In (di)genuity: Lessons from Indigenous resilience, adaptation, and innovation in times of crisis. Prospects (Paris). 2021:1-13. Doi: 10.1007/s11125-021-09557-7
Cunha A, Corona R, Castilho-Martins E. COVID-19 and race/color disparity: a brief analysis of the indigenous population in a state in the Brazilian Amazon. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2021; 19:eCE6734. Doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021CE6734
Torres A. Vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2: ¿son una realidad para América Latina? Biomédica. 2020; 40:424-26. Doi: 10.7705/biomedica.5826
Richardson L, Crawford A. COVID-19 and the decolonization of indigenous public health. CMAJ. 2020; 192(38):E1098-E100. Doi: 10.1503/cmaj.200852
Ruíz F, Fernández-Niño J. Llegaron las vacunas: ¿Estamos listos? Biomédica. 2021; 41:5-7. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid .
McLeod M, Gurney J, Harris R, Cormack D, King P. COVID-19: we must not forget about indigenous health and equity. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2020; 44(4):253-6. Doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13015
Severinsen C, Ware F, Came H, Murray L. COVID-19 and Indigenous knowledge and leadership: (Re)centring public health curricula to address inequities. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2021; 45(1):6-8. Doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13065
Serván-Mori E, Seiglie J, Gómez-Dantés O, Wirtz V. Hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19 in Mexican indigenous people: a cross-sectional observational study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2022; 76(1):16-23. Doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-216129
Block P, Hoffman M, Raabe I, Dowd J, Rahal C, Kashyap R, et al. Social networkbased distancing strategies to flatten the COVID-19 curve in a post-lockdown world. Nat Hum Behav. 2020; 4:588-96. Doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0898-6
Fellows M, Paye V, Alencar A, Nicácio M, Castro I, Coelho M, et al. Under-reporting of COVID-19 cases among indigenous peoples in Brazil: A new expression of old inequalities. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:638359. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638359
Finlay S, Wenitong M. Aboriginal community controlled health organisations are taking a leading role in COVID-19 health communication. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2020; 44(4):251-2. Doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13010
Polidoro M, de Assis Mendonça F, Meneghel S, Alves-Brito A, Gonçalves M, Bairros F, et al. Territories under siege: Risks of the decimation of indigenous and Quilombolas peoples in the context of COVID-19 in South Brazil. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021; 8(5): 1119-29. Doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00868-7
Zavaleta C. COVID-19: review indigenous peoples' data. Nature. 2020; 580(7802):185. Doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01032-1
Ribeiro A, Rossi L. Covid-19 pandemic and the motivations for demanding health service in indigenous villages. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020; 73(suppl 2):e20200312. English, Portuguese. Doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0312
Alves J, Abade A, Peres W, Borges J, Santos S, Scholze A. Impact of COVID-19 on the indigenous population of Brazil: a geo-epidemiological study. Epidemiol Infect. 2021; 149: e185. Doi: 10.1017/S0950268821001849
Soares G, Jamieson L, Biazevic M, Michel-Crosato E. Disparities in excess mortality between indigenous and non-indigenous Brazilians in 2020: measuring the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2021:1-10. Doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01162-w
Bastidas G, Medina T, Gámez L, Ramos M. Enfoque ético en la salud pública. Rev Chil Salud Pública 2019; 3(2):174-5. Disponible en: https://revistasaludpublica.uchile.cl/index.php/RCSP/article/download/56473/59814/
Bastidas G. Ética en enfermedades emergentes que causan pandemia. Caso covid-19. Revista Médica de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 2020; 14(1):88-91. Disponible en: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/medica/article/view/42283
