Efectos del ejercicio físico sobre la calidad de vida en personas mayores. Revisión de la literatura.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18004/mem.iics/1812-9528/2022.020.01.118Palabras clave:
Ejercicio Físico, calidad de vida, persona mayor, envejecimientoResumen
El objetivo de esta revisión fue determinar cuál es la dosis óptima necesaria de ejercicio físico que debe realizar una persona mayor para generar efectos en la Calidad de Vida. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas entre 2015-2020. Como resultado, 9 de 33 artículos cumplieron con criterios de inclusión. La prescripción de ejercicio físico más utilizada en términos de FITT o FITT-VP fue: tipo, fuerza muscular a intensidad moderada a intensa, y/o ejercicio físico aeróbico a intensidad moderada; tiempo de sesión de 60 minutos; frecuencia 3 veces por semana; y tiempo de intervención mínimo 3 meses. En cuanto al volumen y progresión, la información fue limitada y justifica más estudios. Los efectos del ejercicio físico sobre la Calidad de Vida de las personas mayores se producirán cuando exista una programación basada como mínimo según FITT, se consideren los objetivos de la persona mayor, y la práctica sea regular.
Descargas
Citas
Urzúa AM, Navarrete M. Factor analysis of abbreviated versions of the WHOQoL-Old in Chilean older people. Rev Med Chil 2013; 141(1): 28-33. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872013000100004
Gómez-Morales A, de Miranda JMA, Pergola-Marconato AM, Mansano-Schlosser TC, Mendes FRP, Torres G de V. The influence of activities on the quality of life of the elderly: A systematic review. Cienc e Saude Coletiva 2019; 24(1): 189-202. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.05452017
Abizanda Soler P, Alamo Gonzalez C, Cuesta Triana F, Gómez Pavón J, Gonzalez Ramirez A, Lazaro del Nogal M, et al. Guía de buena práctica clínica en geriatría: Fragilidad y Nutricion en el Anciano. Soc Española Geriatr y Gerontol. Published online 2018: 96.
Roswiyani R, Kwakkenbos L, Spijker J, Witteman CLM. The Effectiveness of Combining Visual Art Activities and Physical Exercise for Older Adults on Well-Being or Quality of Life and Mood: A Scoping Review. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 38(12): 1784-804. doi: 10.1177/0733464817743332
de Labra C, Guimaraes-Pinheiro C, Maseda A, Lorenzo T, Millan-Calenti JC. Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2015; 15: 154. doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0155-4
Bouaziz W, Vogel T, Schmitt E, Kaltenbach G, Geny B, Lang PO. Health benefits of aerobic training programs in adults aged 70 and over: a systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 69: 110-27. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.10.012
Brunjes DL, Kennel PJ, Schulze PC. Exercise capacity, physical activity, and morbidity. Heart Fail Rev. Published online 2017. doi:10.1007/s10741-016-9592-1
Galle FA, Martella D, Bresciani G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory modulation of exercise during aging. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2018; 53(5): 279-84. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2018.03.003
Puciato D, Borysiuk Z, Rozpara M. Quality of life and physical activity in an older working-age population. Clin Interv Aging. 2017; 12: 1627-34. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S144045
Boggatz T. Quality of life in old age - a concept analysis. Int J Older People Nurs. 2016; 11(1): 55-69. doi:10.1111/opn.12089
Makai P, Brouwer WB, Koopmanschap MA, Stolk EA, Nieboer AP. Quality of life instruments for economic evaluations in health and social care for older people: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2014; 102: 83-93. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.050
Pequeno NPF, Pequeno NPF, Cabral NL de A, Marchioni DM, Lima SCVC, Lyra C de O. Quality of life assessment instruments for adults: a systematic review of population-based studies. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020; 18(1): 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01347-7
Caspersen C, Powell K, Christenson G. Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness: Definitions and Distinctions for Health-Related Research. 1985; 100(2): 126-31. doi: 10.1093/nq/s9-IX.228.365-f
Starrett K, Cordoza G, Thompson PD. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 9th Ed. 2014. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2014; 58(3): 328.
Kaushal N, Langlois F, Hagger MS, Bherer L. Investigating dose - response effects of multimodal exercise programs on health-related quality of life in older adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2019; 14: 209-17. doi:10.2147/CIA.S187534
Schuch F, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Rosenbaum S, Ward P, Reichert T, et al. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 210: 139-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.050
Miller KJ, Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Areerob P, Hennessy D, Mesagno C, Grace F. Comparative effectiveness of three exercise types to treat clinical depression in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 58. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100999
Mochcovitch MD, Deslandes AC, Freire RC, Garcia RF, Nardi AE. The effects of regular physical activity on anxiety symptoms in healthy older adults: A systematic review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2016; 38(3): 255-61. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1893
Vancampfort D, Richards J, Stubbs B, Akello G, Gbiri CA, Ward PB, et al. Physical activity in people with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of correlates. J Phys Act Heal. 2016; 13(8): 910-8. doi:10.1123/jpah.2015-0436
Watson D, Clark LA. Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988; 54(6): 1063-70. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
Gómez-morales A, Maria J, Miranda A De, Pergola-marconato AM, Mansano-schlosser TC, Rosa F, et al. Influencia de las actividades en la calidad de vida de los ancianos?: revisión sistemática. Cienc e Saude Coletiva. 2019; 24(1): 189-202. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232018241.05452017
Bushman B. Determining the I (Intensity) for a FITT-VP Aerobic Exercise Prescription. ACSM´s Heal Fit J. 2014; 18(3): 1-4.
American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM´s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Presciption. 10 th. ed.; 2018.
Ballin M, Lundberg E, Sörlén N, Nordström P, Hult A, Nordström A. Effects of interval training on quality of life and cardiometabolic risk markers in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1589-99. doi:10.2147/CIA.S213133
Gusi N, Hernandez-Mocholi MA, Olivares PR. Changes in HRQoL after 12 months of exercise linked to primary care are associated with fitness effects in older adults. Eur J Public Health. 2015; 25(5):873-79. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv079
Jiménez-García JD, Martínez-Amat A, De la Torre-Cruz MJ, Fábrega-Cuadros R, Cruz-Díaz D, Aibar-Almazán A, et al. Suspension Training HIIT Improves Gait Speed, Strength and Quality of Life in Older Adults. Int J Sports Med. 2019; 40(2): 116-24. doi:10.1055/a-0787-1548
Kaushal N, Desjardins-Crépeau L, Langlois F, Bherer L. The Effects of Multi-Component Exercise Training on Cognitive Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults. Int J Behav Med. 2018; 25(6):617-25. doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-9733-0
Kekäläinen T, Kokko K, Sipilä S, Walker S. Effects of a 9-month resistance training intervention on quality of life, sense of coherence, and depressive symptoms in older adults?: randomized controlled trial. Qual Life Res. 2018; 27(2): 455-65. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1733-z
Awick EA, Ehlers DK, Aguiñaga S, Daugherty AM, Kramer AF, McAuley E. Effects of a randomized exercise trial on physical activity, psychological distress and quality of life in older adults. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2017; 49: 44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.06.005
Pedersen MT, Vorup J, Nistrup A, Wikman JM, Alstrøm JM, Melcher PS, et al. Effect of team sports and resistance training on physical function, quality of life, and motivation in older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2017; 27(8): 852-64. doi:10.1111/sms.12823
Roberson KB, Potiaumpai M, Widdowson K, Jaghab AM, Chowdhari S, Armitage C, et al. Effects of high-velocity circuit resistance and treadmill training on cardiometabolic risk, blood markers, and quality of life in older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018; 43(8):822-32. doi:10.1139/apnm-2017-0807
Song D, Yu DSF. Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cognitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2019 93: 97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.019
Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Richards J, Ward PB, Veronese N, et al. Exercise for depression in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials adjusting for publication bias. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2016; 38(3): 247-54. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1915
Gordon BR, McDowell CP, Lyons M, Herring MP. The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sport Med 2017; 47(12): 2521-32. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0769-0
Nuzum H, Stickel A, Corona M, Zeller M, Melrose RJ, Wilkins SS. Potential Benefits of Physical Activity in MCI and Dementia. Behav Neurol. 2020; 2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/7807856
Moreno Reyes P, Muñoz Gutiérrez C, Pizarro Mena R, Jiménez Torres S. Effects of physical exercise on sleep quality, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in the elderly. A literature review. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2020; 55(1): 42-9. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2019.07.003
WHO. WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour; 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
Abdullah Alfadhel SA, Vennu V, Alotaibi ADA, Algarni AM, Saad Bindawas SM. The effect of a multicomponent exercise programme onelderly adults' risk of falling in nursing homes: A systematic review. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020; 70(4): 699-704. doi:10.5455/JPMA.292007
Cadore EL, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Izquierdo M. Multicomponent exercise and the hallmarks of frailty: Considerations on cognitive impairment and acute hospitalization. Exp Gerontol. 2019; 122(March): 10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.04.007
Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, George SM, Olson RD. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. J Am Med Assoc. 2020; 320(19): 2020-28. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854
Bushman BA. Developing the P (for Progression) in a FITT-VP Exercise Prescription. ACSM's Heal Fit J. 2018; 22(3): 6-9. doi: 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000378
Murakami M, Bando H, Moriyasu A. Better Application of Exercise Prescription with Adequate Supports to All People. Biomed Sci J 2020; 1(4): 1-4.
D'Amico F, Rehill A, Knapp M, Lowery D, Cerga-Pashoja A, Griffin M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of exercise as a therapy for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia within the EVIDEM-E randomised controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31(6): 656-65. doi: 10.1002/gps.4376
Chen F, Hopman RJ, Huang C, Chu C, Hillman CH, Hung T, et al. The Effect of Exercise Training on Brain Structure and Function in Older Adults?: A Systematic Review Based on Evidence from Randomized Control Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9(914): 1-23. doi: 10.3390/jcm9040914
Fialová D, Laffon B, Marinkovic V, Tasic L, Doro P, S?os GO, et al. Medication use in older patients and age-blind approach: narrative literature review (insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of drugs in older age, frequent use of PIMs and polypharmacy, and underuse of highly beneficial nonpharmacological strat. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 75(4): 451-66. doi: 10.1007/s00228-018-2603-5
Tan SS, Teirlinck CH, Dekker J, Goossens LMA, Bohnen AM, Verhaar JAN, et al. Cost-utility of exercise therapy in patients with hip osteoarthritis in primary care. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2016; 24(4): 581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.010
Cowper PA, Morey MC, Peterson MJ, Pieper CF, Sloane RJ, Hall KS, et al. Economic Analysis of Primary Care-Based Physical Activity Counseling in Older Men: The VA-LIFE Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 65(3):533-9. doi:10.1111/jgs.14567
Huckfeldt PJ, Frenier C, Pajewski NM, Espeland M, Peters A, Casanova R, et al. Associations of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes With Health Care Use, Spending, and Disability: An Ancillary Study of the Look AHEAD Study. JAMA Netw open 2020; 3(11): e2025488. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25488
Garrard JW, Cox NJ, Dodds RM, Roberts HC, Sayer AA. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in primary care: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32(2): 197-205. doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01183-w
Tran HPT, Leonard SD. Geriatric Assessment for Primary Care Providers. Prim Care - Clin Off Pract 2017; 44 (3): 399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.05.001
Natalucci V, Carnevale Pellino V, Barbieri E, Vandoni M. Is It Important to Perform Physical Activity During Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)? Driving Action for a Correct Exercise Plan. Front Public Heal 2020; 8(November): 1-4. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.602020
Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ganz F, Torralba R, Oliveira DV, et al. Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. J Nutr Heal Aging 2020; 24(9): 938-47. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1469-2
Yang YC, Chou CL, Kao CL. Exercise, nutrition, and medication considerations in the light of the COVID pandemic, with specific focus on geriatric population: A literature review. J Chinese Med Assoc. 2020; 83(11): 977-80. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000393
Klempel N, Blackburn NE, McMullan IL, Wilson JJ, Smith L, Cunningham C, et al. The effect of chair-based exercise on physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1-17. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041902
Zhu X, Luo Z, Chen Y, Wang L, Chi W, Jiang L lian, et al. Tai Chi for the elderly patients with COVID-19 in recovery period. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100(3): e24111. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000024111
McGarrigle L, Todd C. Promotion of physical activity in older people using mHealth and eHealth technologies: Rapid review of reviews. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22(12): 1-10. doi: 10.2196/22201
Vitale JA, Bonato M, Borghi S, Messina C, Albano D, Corbetta S, et al. Home-based resistance training for older subjects during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Preliminary results of a six-months RCT. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(24): 1-15. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249533
Jansons P, Robins L, O'Brien L, Haines T. Gym-based exercise and home-based exercise with telephone support have similar outcomes when used as maintenance programs in adults with chronic health conditions: a randomised trial. J Physiother. 2017; 63(3): 154-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jphys.2017.05.018
