Características clínico-demográficas y tipificación del virus de papiloma humano en mujeres paraguayas con citologías negativas para lesión escamosa intraepitelial
Palabras clave:
tipificación, virus de papiloma humano, citología negativa, características clínico-demográficasResumen
Paraguay posee una alta tasa de incidencia de cáncer de cuello uterino de 35/100.0000 mujeres en el año 2008 y el virus de papiloma humano (HPV) es su agente causal. La planificación de medidas de prevención puede ser beneficiada con conocimientos sobre los tipos virales, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar características clínico-demográficas y los tipos de HPV presentes en mujeres con citología negativa para lesión escamosa intraepitelial. Estudio de corte transverso con componente analítico en 207 mujeres con citología negativa para lesión escamosa intraepitelial provenientes de centros de salud de Asunción. La tipificación fue realizada por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa utilizando cebadores MY09/11 y GP5/GP6, seguida de polimorfismo de longitud de fragmentos de restricción e hibridación lineal reversa, respectivamente. La asociación entre HPV y las características clínico-demográficas fue determinada por análisis de Chi cuadrado (EpiInfo versión 3,2). Se detectó alta frecuencia de HPV (21%), siendo el tipo predominante HPV 16 (4,3%) seguido de HPV 58/31 (2,4% cada uno). Se observó asociación entre la presencia de HPV y la edad (p=0,0002), detectándose mayor frecuencia de HPV en mujeres menores a 30 años, la cual, disminuyó al aumentar la edad, presentando un ligero aumento en mujeres de 60 años o más. En conclusión, los datos muestran una alta frecuencia de HPV y HPV 16 en mujeres menores a 30 años con citología negativa y sugieren la necesidad de realizar control posteriormente, a fin de identificar las infecciones persistentes que podrían causar lesión de cuello uterino.
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