La «tercera parte» en la consulta: Inteligencia artificial y la rehumanización de la relación médico-paciente en atención primaria
Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, atención primaria de salud, relación médico-paciente, empatía clínica, ética médica, brecha digitalResumen
Introducción: La integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la atención primaria de salud (APS) constituye una fuerza disruptiva que reconfigura la dinámica tradicional de la relación médico-paciente. Este artículo examina críticamente si la IA actúa como una barrera tecnológica deshumanizante o, paradójicamente, como un catalizador para recuperar la dimensión humana de la medicina.
Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la IA en la comunicación clínica, la empatía, la carga administrativa y la equidad sanitaria, con énfasis en contextos de recursos limitados.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa exhaustiva de literatura reciente (2020-2025), priorizando estudios sobre medicina familiar, ética clínica y salud digital.
Resultados y discusión: La evidencia indica que la IA ambiental y los sistemas de documentación automatizada pueden reducir sustancialmente la carga burocrática, liberando tiempo crítico para la interacción presencial. No obstante, emergen riesgos éticos significativos, como la erosión de la confianza fiduciaria, la opacidad algorítmica y la potencial despersonalización del cuidado si la tecnología suplanta el juicio clínico. En países de ingresos bajos y medianos, la brecha digital y la infraestructura deficiente plantean desafíos estructurales para una implementación equitativa.
Conclusión: La IA posee el potencial de rehumanizar la APS al automatizar la burocracia, siempre que su implementación garantice la supervisión humana, la transparencia ética y la mitigación activa de las disparidades socioeconómicas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alcides Chaux
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
