The variability in feeding patterns of pre-schoolers living in Asunción, from families with high socioeconomic status and the relation with their nutritional status
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18004/anales/2019.052.03.25-036Keywords:
Diet, Food diversity, Pre-schooler, Feeding pattern, ParaguayAbstract
Introduction: Food diversity can be used to measure the quality of the feeding habits. It has a positive association with diet quality and constitutes an important factor to reach the nutritional requirements. Objectives: Assess the variability in feeding patterns of pre-schoolers living in Asunción, from families with high socioeconomic status and the relation with their nutritional status. Methodology: Observational, transversal in time, qualitative study. The researchers evaluated children from 2-6 years of age, from families with high socioeconomic status living in Asunción, from September to October of 2014, using antromopetric measures and two questionnaires applied in direct interview format: the first one with demographic data and the second one with a list of locally available food. The nutritional status and its relation with food diversity were assessed, measuring frequency. World’s Health Organization’s Software Anthro 3.2 was used for anthropometric evaluation. Results: In total, 67 children were included in the study, mainly female. 89,5% of the patient’s mother had concluded tertiary education. 63% of patients were well-nourished and 31,5% had excess weight (overweight and obese). 19% were in risk of stumpting and 1,5% were in the range of stumpting. A total of 172 food varieties were found, distributed in 9 groups, the mean quantity of food varieties consumed by children was of 69,19 (CI: 95%, 63,79-74,59), ranging from 28 to 126 food varieties. Significant differences were not found in Body Mass Index and food diversity; but a statistically significant relation was found between food diversity and height. Conclusion: Low variability in feeding patterns was found in children with high socioeconomic status. There was a significant relation between food diversity and the child’s height.
References
1. Kennedy G, Ballard T, Dop MC. Guía para medir la diversidad alimentaria a nivel individual y del hogar. División de Nutrición y Protección del Consumidor, Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura FAO 2013
2. Arimond M, et al. Dietary Diversity Is Associated with Child Nutritional Status: Evidence from 11 Demographic and Health Surveys. J. Nutr. 2004;134: 2579-2585.
3. Rah JH, Akhter N, Semba RD, S de Pee, Bloem MW, Campbell AA, Moench-Pfanner R, et al. Low dietary diversity is a predictor of child stunting in rural Bangladesh. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010; 64: 1393–1398
4. Solomon et al. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal for Equity in Health (2017) 16:181
5. Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Does social class predict diet quality? Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:1107–17
6. Pechey R, Jebb SA, Kelly MP, Almiron-Roig E, Conde S, Nakamura R, et el. Socioeconomic differences in purchases of more vs. less healthy foods and beverages: Analysis of over 25,000 British households in 2010. Social Science & Medicine. 2013;92: 22-26
7. Hodder RK, O’Brien KM, Stacey FG, et al. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD008552.
8. Kourlaba G, Kondaki K, Grammatikaki E, Roma-Giannikou E, Manios Y. Diet quality of preschool children and maternal perceptions/misperceptions: The GENESIS study. Public Health. 2009; 123 (11): 738 – 742.
9. Galvan M, Atalah E. Variables asociadas a la calidad de la dieta en preescolares de hidalgo, México. Rev ChilNutr. 2008; Vol. 35, Nº4:413-420.
10. Golan M, Crow S. Parents Are Key Players in the Prevention and Treatment of Weight-related Problems. Nutrition Reviews. 2004; 62 (1): 39-50
11. Olivares1 S, Kain J, Lera L, Pizarro F, Vio F, Moro´n C. Nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity among Chilean school children: a descriptive study. Eur J Nutr.2004;58(9):1278-1285.
12. Veleda de Souza RL, Wink MadrugaS, Petrucci Gigante D, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Formoso Assunção MC. Padrões alimentares e fatores associados entre crianças de um a seis anos de um municip do Sul do Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública, 2013 , 29(12):2416-2426,
13. Bubak V, Sanabria M, Ramírez L. Cambios en el consumo aparente de lacteos en hogares con niños menores de 19años en el Paraguay en el periodo de 1997 a 2012, Pediatr. (Asunción), v. 2 f: 45, p. 119-126, 2018.
14. SISVAN 2012; Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición. INAN. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. (M.S.P. y B.S.)
15. Coromoto Nava B. M, Pérez G.A, Herrera H.A., Hernández H.R. Hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y su relación con el estado nutricional-antropométrico de preescolares. Rev Chil Nutr, 2011; Vol. 38, Nº3: 301-312.
16. Kain B, Lera L, Rojas J, Uauy R. Obesidad en preescolares de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. RevMedChil 2007; 135: 63-70
17. Castillo-Duran C., Fernández A. M., Lagrutta F., et al. Variability in the number of single food items consumed by preschool children living in urban slums of selected Latin American cities. LXV Annual Meeting of the Latin American Society for Pediatric Research (SLAIP).Lugar: La Serena, Chile; Año: 2008
18. Bubak V,Cellamare M, Sanabria M. Socio-economic characteristics are associated with nutritional deprivation in the Paraguayan households. Pediatric Research (2019) 85:906–908
19. Gibson EL, Wardle J, Watts CJ. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Nutritional Knowledge and Beliefs in Mothers and Children. Appetite, 1998, 31, 205–228
20. Blissett J. Relationships between parenting style, feeding style and feeding practices and fruit and vegetable consumption in early childhood. Appetite 2011;57 (3) 826–831
