Reacciones alérgicas: aspectos claves y nuevas perspectivas
Palabras clave:
Alérgeno, ambiente, atopia, genética, reacción alérgicaResumen
Las reacciones alérgicas son una respuesta inmune exacerbada a un alérgeno en un individuo atópico. En éstas, influyen dos factores el genético y el ambiental. Con base en lo anterior, la Organización Mundial de Alergia determinó como enfermedades alérgicas al asma, rinitis, sinusitis, conjuntivitis, anafilaxia, alergia a medicamentos, alimentos, animales, insectos y hongos, eczema, urticaria y angioedema; las cuales han aumentado en el último tiempo, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública con repercusiones económicas exorbitantes. Asimismo, se han dado avances tanto en el diagnóstico, cuyos pilares siguen siendo la historia clínica, la medición de inmunoglobulina E específica y pruebas cutáneas; el tratamiento y las bases genéticas, que cada vez son más relevantes en el manejo clínico de estas entidades.
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