Peripheral osteoma of the maxillary sinus. Case report

Abstract

Osteomas are benign tumors characterized by slow growth and composed of compact or cancellous bone. They most commonly occur in the craniofacial region and are uncommon in the paranasal sinuses. They are generally asymptomatic and are usually diagnosed as incidental radiographic findings. Their etiology is not clearly established; however, traumatic, infectious, and genetic factors have been proposed. Diagnosis is confirmed through imaging studies and histopathological analysis, and the most widely accepted treatment is surgical resection when aesthetic or functional alterations are present or when there is a risk of complications. The aim of this study is to describe a clinical case of a peripheral osteoma of the maxillary sinus and its clinical–surgical management. We report the case of a 27-year-old female patient in whom an osseous mass in the maxillary sinus was incidentally detected during an orthodontic evaluation. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined lesion, and surgical resection was performed using a Caldwell–Luc approach under general anesthesia. Complete excision was achieved without complications, with satisfactory postoperative evolution. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteoma, showing mature bone tissue with cortical and trabecular architecture. This case highlights the importance of early radiographic detection and the use of computed tomography for surgical planning. Early resection is a safe procedure that prevents complications and allows exclusion of associated entities such as Gardner syndrome.