Semaglutide: de la moda a la evidencia científica. A propósito de una Revisión Narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18004/anales/2024.057.03.102Palabras clave:
Obesidad, Semaglutide, Diabetes tipo 2, GLP-1, Pérdida de peso, Riesgo cardiovascular, Apnea del sueñoResumen
La obesidad es una condición que afecta a una gran proporción de la población mundial y se asocia con problemas de salud graves. En los últimos años, el uso de semaglutide, inicialmente desarrollado para el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2, ha demostrado eficacia no solo en el control glucémico, sino también en la pérdida de peso. Este medicamento, un análogo del GLP-1, actúa reduciendo el apetito y prolongando la saciedad, además de aportar beneficios en la función cardiovascular y renal, e incluso mejorar la apnea obstructiva del sueño. La semaglutide ha sido aprobada para el tratamiento de la diabetes y la obesidad tanto en adultos como en adolescentes, y está disponible en formatos subcutáneo y oral. A pesar de sus beneficios, se han reportado efectos secundarios, como náuseas y un potencial riesgo de cáncer tiroideo y retinopatía diabética, los cuales deben ser considerados y monitoreados. El desarrollo de nuevos agonistas duales y triples, y la combinación de semaglutide con insulina semanal, representan futuros prometedores en el tratamiento de la obesidad y la diabetes, mejorando las opciones terapéuticas para estas condiciones crónicas.
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